scared straight program in michiganscared straight program in michigan

If a section of the bar is below the $0 line, the program is creating a negative benefit, meaning a loss of value from that perspective. Scared Straight and other programs involve organized visits to prison by juvenile delinquents or children at risk for criminal behavior. Court-involved youth: Youth who are processed through the juvenile justice system but who are not ordered to a period of confinement in a residential or correctional facility. When a teenager goes to boot camp, they are taken out of their familiar setting of home and friends. Lets have an engaging conversation and get to know each other a bit, Parents and Educators (in this case), Dont hurt em! We also report the unadjusted effect size to show the effect sizes before any adjustments have been made. The Scared Straight program is an hour long tour where kids are. Meta-analysis is a statistical method to combine the results from separate studies on a program, policy, or topic in order to estimate its effect on an outcome. The purpose of these programs is to encourage children to change their actions which could eventually lead to adult conviction. Literature review updated April 2019. Our program seeks to help troubled teens from Detroit, MI by providing the five peaks of therapy. The figures shown are estimates of the costs to implement programs in Washington. Programs are designed to deter participants from future offending through firsthand observation of prison life and interaction with adult inmates. For. We present these cash flows in discounted dollars. endobj As a result of the evaluation, Michigan's Department of Corrections advocated the termination of the program. When I first startedThe Cave of Adullam there were many Scared Straight programs in Michigan, I even participated in a couple. Programs are designed to deter participants from future offending through first hand observation of prison life and interaction with adult inmates. Proponents of this approach believed that the scare tactics would work, and the program was born. They usually entail visits by at-risk youth to adult prisons, where youth hear about the harsh reality of prison life from inmates." The point of the program is to catch the bad behavior early before it goes too far. Michigan Department of Corrections. We take an eclectic approach to treatment using proven strategies in cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, and narrative intervention. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas, Dallas, Wilson D, Groombridge N (2010) Im making a TV programme here: reality TVs Banged up and public criminology. The evaluation failed to find any' benefits to juveniles from the program, and therefore the department recommended its cancellation. Unpublished manuscript, University of New Brunswick, Center for Criminal Justice Studies, Saint John, Greater Egypt Regional Planning & Development Commission (1979) Menard correctional center: juvenile tours impact study. Others includes benefits to people other than taxpayers and participants. PODCAST: In-depth on the District Detroit plans (ft. Keith Bradford, Olympia Development), PODCAST: Bedrock has a new Cadillac Square development plan, A word about the Michigan State shootings, Meet the new Throwbacks Home (ft. Kyle Dubay), PODCAST: Michigans Blue Election Wave (ft. Steve Friess), 10 Things To Know In Metro Detroit Plus Sven Goes To Belarus, Detroit Graffiti Jewelry Maker Rebel Nell Gets National Attention On NBC, This Abandoned House Is Transforming Into A Model Of Affordable Green Sustainability In The City, Heres How You Can Help Clean Up The Rouge River, Farewell, Hated Livernois Median: One Of 7 Things To Know, PODCAST: The Porter Burks case, explained (ft. Vince Colella), The Belle Isle Nature Center is back (and better) ft. Amy Greene, DCFC Talk: Whats ahead; Rowdies controversy; Playoff positioning, VinFast, Vietnam and the future of electric vehicles (ft. Eric Trytko), 2022 Metro Detroit primary predictions (ft. Steve Friess, Newsweek), Heres A Way To Help Youth Get Cared Straight. Black communities in Detroit are facing increasing rates of anxiety and depression yet have disproportionately fewer ways to access mental health care and services due to racial and ethnic disparities driven by social determinants of health. However, I quickly discovered that inflicting trauma will never help a boy release it but instead teach him to suppress it. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS endobj Indirect benefits includes estimates of the changes in the value of a statistical life and changes in the deadweight costs of taxation. NCJ 79768). Deterrence-oriented programs that involve organized visits to adult prison facilities for justice-involved and at-risk youth at-risk. Vreeland, A.D. (1982). It is important for parents of teens with ADHD and other behavioral and mental conditions to be able to successfully recognize the signs of the condition. Scared Straight Published July 13, 2020 When I first started The Cave of Adullam there were many "Scared Straight" programs in Michigan, I even participated in a couple. %PDF-1.7 % Scared Straight Programs. .J=^XWfk? Our staff is committed to providing the individualized treatment approach troubled teens from Detroit, MI must have for achieving exceptional outcomes. endstream endobj 1299 0 obj <>stream According to GDYT, the program planned to place at least 1,400 teens in 2013. An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice. For example, we may adjust effect sizes when a study has a weak research design or when the program developer is involved in the research. For more information on programs similar to scared straight please give us a call 800 781 8081. . Please call our office at 810-227-0243 for more information. 2022 Turning Winds | All Rights Reserved, a variety of therapeutic intervention strategies (CBT, DBT, behavioral therapy), Behavior Modification Programs Destin, FL, Behavior Modification Programs Brentwood, CA. Eval Rev 10:281298, Michigan Department of Corrections (1967) A six month follow-up of juvenile delinquents visiting the Ionia Reformatory. GDYT advises contacting organizations in February to ensure that your child will fulfill any application processes and will be on their waiting list for summer job openings. Michigan Department of Corrections, Lansing, Learning Innovations, WestEd, 200 Unicorn Park Drive, 4th Floor, Woburn, MA, 1801, USA, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, USA, Northeastern University and University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, You can also search for this author in The film made a huge impact - showcasing the radical . We. This paper reviews an evaluation of Michigan's Juvenile Offenders Learn Truth (JOLT) program, a juvenile awareness or 'Scared Straight' program using hardened adult inmates to teach impressionable juveniles the realities of prison life. If the effect size is positive, the outcome increases. kjChuXuPjeXS9at 2s2}i!p U,v0vz!A cc! Research shows that Scared Straight programs, which bring at-risk teens to prisons in an effort to deter them from potential criminal behavior, have no positive effect and can actually lead. This includes populations of arrested youth, diverted youth, charged youth, adjudicated youth, and youth on probation or formal supervision. NCJ 060290). Turning Windsis one of the nations premier academicTherapeutic Boarding Schoolsfocused on supporting at-risk adolescents from Detroit, MI with overcoming behavior issues. Campbell Syst Rev 2010:1, Rasmussen DW, Yu Y (1996) An evaluation of juvenile justice innovations in Duval County, Florida. While Behavior Modification therapy is a solution for some teens with conditions like ADHD, it is not always effective in those who are dealing with more than one diagnosis. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. An evaluation of a Michigan program based on the 'Scared Straight' model for preventing juvenile delinquency is critically examined to support the contention that outcome evaluations should be used to modify rather than to cancel programs. Today in the state of Michigan, more than 1 million people are living below the Federal poverty level. In 2002, Petrosino and colleagues published formal reviews with the . The comparison group costs reflect either no treatment or treatment as usual, depending on how effect sizes were calculated in the meta-analysis. SCHEDULING UPDATE We are now taking reservations for our 2023 weekend challenge camps beginning with March 10-12 (with Honor Company - Relationships). Crim Just Behav 10(2):209226, Lipsey MW (1992) Juvenile delinquency treatment: a meta-analytic inquiry into the variability of effects. 4. National Alliance on Mental Illness(NAMI): National Alliance on Mental Illness is the nations largest and most comprehensive grassroots mental health community. <> Join our Program Director Mr. Ron as he provides a safe space for parents to check-in emotionally, gain parenting tips and learn new information about the Yunion. Overall, the department would have made a better decision if it had decided to modify the program as a result of the findings instead of terminating it. 6 0 obj For teens ages 14 to 24, applying for the waiting list for Grow Detroits Young Talent Program might be thekey to a great summer job. h, 0EUW#pdTAA;+Jp}dEo0Zu-i(n84Rw;zH)n$; Michigans struggling economy, coupled with our brutal winters, means the need for utility bill payment assistance is never more important. See Estimating Program Effects Using Effect Sizes for additional information. Here at Turning Winds, we recognize that the situation of one at-risk child may not apply to all of our clients. The graph above illustrates the estimated cumulative net benefits per-participant for the first fifty years beyond the initial investment in the program. (1967). Territories Financial Support Center (TFSC), Tribal Financial Management Center (TFMC). The GDYT program also raises money to help subsidize the wages of young workers. The great outdoors allows for a perfect backdrop for students to learn effective problem-solving and the crucial skills they will use throughout their life. Please turn on JavaScript and try again. New Jersey "Scared Straight" Program, USA (Finckenauer 1982) 23 California SQUIRES Program, USA (Lewis 1983) 23 Kansas Juvenile Education Program, USA (Locke et al. Beyond Scared Straight is a powerful. "Established in the 1970s, Scared Straight programs are used throughout the United States as a means of deterring juvenile crime. endstream endobj 1303 0 obj <>stream Lansing: Michigan Department of Corrections. Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Criminology, Law and Society, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA, Faculty of Law, The Hebrew University, Mt. Monday-Friday: 9a.m. - 4 p.m. Use tab to navigate through the menu items. % It is devoted to building healthier lives for Detroit, MI residents, and the millions of Americans affected by mental illness. <>stream The Scotsman, 26 Oct 1999, p 12, Holley PD, Brewster D (1996) A description of speak outs in Oklahoma prisons. Lets work together to raise awareness and prevent dating violence., Trauma Informed Parenting What is Trauma Informed Parenting with Dr. Shantalea Johns, Talk to Your Teen: What Makes YOU the Happiest? Established several decades ago, these programs were designed to scare delinquent youth into adjusting their poor behavior. Scared Straight later gained popularity when a documentary covering the program aired on television. hMj0xc1M 0-Q#hzO'k8uI0yJ:MW4%Seg7?L6E_p[XmSO*fC Michigan's Juvenile Offenders Learn Truth (JOLT) program involved exposure of juvenile offenders to an intensive confrontation with adult offenders at an adult prison. Turning Winds is highly successful in supporting troubled teens from Detroit, MI because we factor learning into every aspect of therapy. As a result of the evaluation, Michigan's Department of Corrections advocated the termination of the program. 1967). There is hope and you are not alone. h24Q0P04U04TwbTC#=}}T"C8_`V8d{+Y oafhh-rH460 X ,b Each set of researchers was . W9r4D - Hm|qqNYuA,HPQ "T`b aV)qb!,_5gbB;Bn*Bg*c2uxl3B];dH`"G@X@h!N a"4om|#! E.Xp Y|"Eb}"HUDaH'lEn,X/"|H -/Ric"af1GH/{"HuO=i}#{Fz0BsM9uG^p Y#Eb#e[eiIb`2yrI]n/9!2@C42qJm#Ahid_73kwyVCJfg'v.M2}q_y-*aF?_d[d`. yMKA z\. After submitting her contact information, your teen can contact any youth-focused nonprofitorganizations in your neighborhood to see whether they are participating in the program. Nordisk Tiddskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 85(2):122135, Trusty G (1995) Sheriffs office, juvenile court resources used for restarts. For more information on the categories, see the. We are now taking reservations for our 2023 weekend challenge camps beginning with March 10-12 (with Honor Company - Relationships). Lewis, R.V. endstream endobj 1302 0 obj <>stream Behavior modification programsare sometimes implemented in a dogmatic and extremely uncomfortable way. Our girls begin forming into young women and can often become a mirror for ourselves- who we were, who we are and the in between, Program Director Mr. Rons (desired) weekly Check-in for Parents and adults that work with adolescence, Parents, We often take for granted the important role parents have in setting examples for their children. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. A table, notes, and eight references are supplied. This paper reviews an evaluation of Michigan's Juvenile Offenders Learn Truth (JOLT) program, a juvenile awareness or 'Scared Straight' program using hardened adult inmates to teach impressionable juveniles the realities of prison life. Starting with 1978's Scared Straight, the TV special that sent at-risk teenagers to prison with adults in order to freak them out and turn them into respectable citizens, programs that claim to save teens by giving them a taste of prison life have been popping up across America. Turning Windsis one of the nations premier academicTherapeutic Boarding Schoolsfocused on guiding troubled teens from Destin, FL with overcoming behavior issues. WSIPP may also adjust the second ES measurement. Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice pp 45884597Cite as, 6 In: Cook TC, Cooper H, Cordray DS, Hartmann H, Hedges LV, Light RL, Louis TA, Mosteller FM (eds) Meta-analysis for explanation. General Programs Court-Ordered Programs Oakland County Jail Virginia Department of Corrections, Richmond, Petrosino A, Turpin-Petrosino C, Finckenauer JO (2000) Well meaning programs can have harmful effects! Making the shift into teenage and adolescent years can be a brutal time for adolescents, and for some, it can be more difficult than others. A six month follow-up of juvenile delinquents visiting the Ionia Reformatory (Research Report No. Yarborough, J.C. (1979). 'Scared Straight' and other programs involve organized visits to prison by juvenile delinquents or children at risk for criminal behavior. We use wage information for Corrections and Custody Officers from the Office of Financial Management (https://ofm.wa.gov/state-human-resources/compensation-job-classes/ClassifiedJobListing/SalaryRange/1222). Premiere Date: August 25, 2011 Oakland County, Michigan is a stone's throw from Detroit's infamous 8-Mile and the streets here are just as tough, but the deputies and inmates who run Oakland County Jail's "Turn-Around" program are even tougher. ij=T![5q'Um oX*`v'.;o The practice is rated No Effects. Ourprogramstrives to involve the entire family so healing can take place among all the members. 4). Turning Winds intake counselors can be reached immediately at 800-845-1380. They argue that the program had the support of the community, judges, some corrections staff, and youth and their parents; that it has shown some positive effects on adult offenders and no harmful effects on juveniles; and that it costs the Department of Corrections nothing. {q 3F;FL9j+= ~]lrS8'_M]5giY'+roZ(pNkX z|>?3Mk6o6={45hS{4z4K5=E)W='syr,=30"R2dCl+ 4F9hfaLQ`g'a8pOj. Turning Windsis the optimal choice for parents in Detroit, MI who are looking for a premieracademic instituteto provide help for their at-risk child going through opiate abuse/addiction, oppositional defiant disorder, or bipolar disorder. Jobs are provided both in Detroit city itself and in some its economically distressed suburbs, including Ypsilanti, Muskegon and Pontiac. The per-participant cost includes the wages of providers (Corrections and Custody Officers). *~r ?4nP8k Lqn%@J,x?iM;:M03`%P!B"iL5{P&w-Tz In fact, the public hearing did result in the program's reinstatement and modification. What is a Scared Straight Program? Sometimes you have to remind yourself of who you are and where you came from (because we forget). At a public hearing challenging the evaluation's findings, program proponents found methodological flaws in the evaluation, such as the small number of subjects attending the JOLT sessions and the brief followup period. Traumatizing at-risk kids is not the way to lead them away from crime and drugs. Starting in the summer of 2013, the DTE Energy Foundation has donated money to keep the initiative going through 2016. A six month follow-up of juvenile delinquents visiting the Ionia Reformatory (Research Report No. In the 1970s, inmates serving life sentences at a New Jersey (USA) prison began a program to scare or deter at-risk or delinquent children from a future life of crime. The city does have programs designed to help teens find summer work so they can gain real work experience. They found that Scared Straight-type programs generally increased crime between 1 and 28 percent in the treatment group when compared to the no-treatment group. Taxpayers includes expected savings to government and expected increases in tax revenue. Substance Abuse Treatment Programs For Teens Where this same research is showing the types of programs and treatment for recovery that do not work for troubled adolescent boys and girls in Michigan, this research is also showing what does work. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Contents 14 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The Forum, 27 Oct 1999, p 1, Shapiro A (1978) Scared straight [film]. Home Office, London, Locke TP, Johnson GM, Kirigin-Ram K, Atwater JD, Gerrard M (1986) An evaluation of a juvenile education program in a state penitentiary. The documentary Scared Straight! If the dollars are negative (bars below $0 line), the cumulative benefits do not outweigh the cost of the program up to that point in time. The cash flows are divided into the source of the value. The evaluation was unable to uncover any benefits to juveniles from the program, and therefore the department recommended its cancellation. An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice. Despite several research studies and reviews questioning their effectiveness, they remain in use and have now been tried in at least six nations. x}qw,0'd? sb |K#i9Qel>B"Y]zoOw|_yo|rqOr.C2~?[~a/fzt=8FG-gQToCb?Cw[ d[5&0*|(0^Z>7t@E%&_`q_p~>~Uby ?Bp~kZ}8>jEky?uvLmum/o+kqj'Xr~ieeZji,il2.(.!==hbovzqYc/l jd#bL~'uZ^&Uz?~=?'0):a /CZkteNEQy/0L1fS 09;HF8]OO ~h"O_B~]r WSIPP may adjust effect sizes based on methodological characteristics of the study. An effect size (ES) is a standard metric that summarizes the degree to which a program or policy affects a measured outcome. Pyramid Films, Santa Monica, Storvall AE, Hovland A (1998) The Ullersmo project: scared straight in Norway 19921996 (Ullersmoprosjecktet: Scared Straight I Norge 19921996). Youth under supervision by the juvenile court in the community following conviction for a criminal offense, Youth involved in the juvenile justice system, Youth who are currently or were previously involved in the juvenile justice system, Washington State Institute for Public Policy. 149. in Germany , and in . 14 0 obj Programs are designed to deter participants from future offending through first hand observation of prison life and interaction with adult inmates. Anthony Petrosino . Today, Im prompting you to ask your adolescent what makes you and them the happiest. #swag #positivity #lifelessons #nofighting #staypositive #spreadlove, Words from our Executive Director @mrsnicolewilson Being a mom to a teenage girl is not for the faint at heart. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Lewis, R.V. These relationships are more likely to be riddled with problems including communication, jealousy, and selflessness. The undertaking of a relationship, very often, requires more maturity than most teens have developed. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 10(2), 209-226. A group of eight philanthropic partners in the, Teen Dating Violence Awareness Things Every Parent Should Know, Our team came together dressed in orange and in Solidarity in support of #teendatingviolenceawarenessmonth, Parents, we know romantic relationships between teenagers are incredibly complicated. "Scared Straight" and other programs involve organized visits to prison by juvenile delinquents or children at risk for criminal behavior. Michigan Department of Corrections. Youth post-release: Youth who are returning to the community following a period of confinement in a residential or correctional facility and who participate in the program after release to the community. Once our staff of mental health professionals has gathered data, we will begin our focused treatment plan to guide the teen towards making better choices that will lead them to their life goals instead of down a path of destruction. The program breaks even when the dollars reach $0. A lock ( Scared straight programs were established decades ago and primarily used to deter juvenile crime. endobj The programs are designed to deter participants from future offending by providing firsthand observations of prison life and interaction with adult inmates. (1983). >}e+)O_5$ As time progresses and they work through the 5 pillars of change, teens begin to make lasting changes and learn the skills they will need to possess to live successful lives. Talk To Your Teen: What Makes YOU The Happiest? Any criminal conviction according to court records, sometimes measured through charges, arrests, incarceration, or self-report. Lansing: Michigan Department of Corrections. BEYOND SCARED STRAIGHT! <>/Metadata 2 0 R>> NAMI strives to shape the national public policy landscape for troubled adolescents, young adults, and families in Detroit, MI; affected by mental illness. If the effect size is negative, the outcome decreases. endobj A six month follow-up of juvenile delinquents visiting the Ionia Reformatory (Research Report No. %PDF-1.5 For those effect sizes, we estimate outcome-based adjustments which we apply between the first time ES is estimated and the second time ES is estimated. A new and challenging setting. A mental illness is a mental health condition that impacts an individuals thought processes, emotions, and bipolar disorder. www.ucan.av.org/services.htm. Our approach helps communities do a better job of getting teens the treatment and community connections they need to be successful for the long term. - 167.172.64.181. Contact Turning Winds today at 800-845-1380; and allow our admissions specialists to answer any questions about our enrollment fees, insurance affiliations, or proximity to Michigan. Scared Straight Program description: The underlying goal of the Scared Straight program is to deter juvenile offenders, or children at-risk of becoming delinquent, through . Call (800) 560-1599 today! This large negative result curiously receives little attention in the original . Michigan's Department of Corrections failed to find any benefits to juveniles from the program, although JOLT had received favorable media attention. Louisiana Youth Care Magazine 18(5):35, United Community Action Network (2001) Services: Wisetalk (scared straight). MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS F.Y.I. Outback Therapeutic Expeditions is continuing to support families through this unprecedented time. endstream was a hit in 1978. Just what takes place in these types of programs? Learn about our program inspired by Challenge Camp for children aged 6-10 that helps themacquire skills for making positive changes. Drawing on the findings from a recently updated systematic review, this entry describes these programs and examines the research evidence on the effects of these programs on delinquency. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel, 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York, Petrosino, A., Petrosino, C., Hollis-Peel, M., Lavenberg, J. LEVEL GROUND The waiting list usually closes in early May, so remind your teen to apply early. This entry shows that not only do these programs fail to deter crime but they actually increase it. The Insiders juvenile crime prevention program: An assessment of a juvenile awareness program (Document No. hY] +dA0`A n>ypmw9zwxQ:G$3cmiZ\Fh4t2oVFcikFhRQ7LC^&xlsJuf-e?Z!23F*`>t.M>D:qPV^":}CV}s('Oe VsX>ac0G/ Each measure we put in place is meant to carefully guide our students towards their goals of learning from their past mistakes and preparing for limitless success in the future. Benefits by Perspective Over Time (Cumulative Discounted Dollars). Public Pol Res 15(2):7779, Cook DD (1990) Effects of a non-confrontational prisoner-run juvenile delinquency deterrence program. Dont give negativity to those who give you negativity stay positive! More details about these adjustments can be found in our Technical Documentation. Please enable scripts and reload this page. Scared straight--California style: Evaluation of the San Quentin Squires program. LockA locked padlock Orchowsky, S., & Taylor, K. (1981). Brit Med J 323:1252, Muhammed L (1999) Kids and crooks revisited: some were Scared Straight! USA Today, 12 Apr 1999, p 4D, Mullen C (2012) Bar Association: stop putting innocent kids in jail. Rokeach's research showing that cognitive changes occur well before behavioral change supports the contention that the followup period was too short. Treatment N represents the total number of individuals or units in the treatment group across the included studies. FOX2 News crews go behind the scenes as news anchor Mandy Murphey and news photographer Dave Sharp take you on a journey behind bars at the St. Clair County Jail for the Scared Straight Program. We are closely monitoring information related to COVID-19, adhering to recommendations set forth by CDC, and have implemented additional safety precautions to mitigate risks. He is making a documentary about the Youth Deterrent Team, which is a positive and creative solution to. Dissertation Abstracts International, 42(10), 4597A. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, Finckenauer JO, Gavin PW (1999) Scared straight: the panacea phenomenon revisited. Programs are designed to deter participants from future offending through firsthand observation of prison life and interaction with adult inmates. Benefit-cost methods last updated December 2019. 4). !d,"vk]AD)>>]A]Ve1a K" 6"$wq3Mez RW_] ]v&\D CgB"@K8}AlXhomzJ ]Ee-dpC Mk* (@wMvp-@* EHS.eT8}C MQFak1hHv!J~VAdwRe}#cU8QtxEtp!b/Oqt74a !v xg}l+/.K/@vh/HgfIZb*@k( 0@>]BB@P./!9C+5o:hm{$)^3?le{=H#{iVY3>7|'EDi(-6rItCXDg3 k(okz5^g|1] )i"P*k|%Z]*43;&#v64t[p|t7;'0}?/7N 5gVm7Ow8c38G7y>_ Gv&8o!Nn`_-C"F^y +xl(N:7|;+-PLJ]iWS3qz?Wqyg+d 4f~+l Um Accessed 26 Apr 2001, United Press International (2003) Scared straight, 21 Aug, p 1008233w3635, Vreeland AD (1981) Evaluation of face-to-face: a juvenile aversion program.
Personal Professionalism Starts With A Positive Attitude, Special Olympics Klamath Falls Oregon, Brothers Official Nationality, Articles S